rabbitmq 集群搭建

发布时间： 2024-11-30 22:15:41

更新时间： 2025-12-13 13:12:55

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一、安装RabbitMQ

1、前置要求

CentOS发行版的版本≥CentOS 8 Stream

镜像下载地址：https://mirrors.163.com/centos/8-stream/isos/x86_64/CentOS-Stream-8-20240318.0-x86_64-dvd1.iso

RabbitMQ安装方式官方指南：

2、安装Erlang环境

①创建yum库配置文件

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rabbitmq.repo

②加入配置内容

以下内容来自官方文档：https://www.rabbitmq.com/docs/install-rpm

# In /etc/yum.repos.d/rabbitmq.repo

##
## Zero dependency Erlang RPM
##

[modern-erlang]
name=modern-erlang-el8
# uses a Cloudsmith mirror @ yum.novemberain.com in addition to its Cloudsmith upstream.
# Unlike Cloudsmith, the mirror does not have any traffic quotas
baseurl=https://yum1.novemberain.com/erlang/el/8/$basearch
        https://yum2.novemberain.com/erlang/el/8/$basearch
        https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/rpm/el/8/$basearch
repo_gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-erlang.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.key
gpgcheck=1
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300
pkg_gpgcheck=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md

[modern-erlang-noarch]
name=modern-erlang-el8-noarch
# uses a Cloudsmith mirror @ yum.novemberain.com.
# Unlike Cloudsmith, it does not have any traffic quotas
baseurl=https://yum1.novemberain.com/erlang/el/8/noarch
        https://yum2.novemberain.com/erlang/el/8/noarch
        https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/rpm/el/8/noarch
repo_gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-erlang.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.key
       https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc
gpgcheck=1
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300
pkg_gpgcheck=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md

[modern-erlang-source]
name=modern-erlang-el8-source
# uses a Cloudsmith mirror @ yum.novemberain.com.
# Unlike Cloudsmith, it does not have any traffic quotas
baseurl=https://yum1.novemberain.com/erlang/el/8/SRPMS
        https://yum2.novemberain.com/erlang/el/8/SRPMS
        https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/rpm/el/8/SRPMS
repo_gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-erlang.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.key
       https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc
gpgcheck=1
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300
pkg_gpgcheck=1
autorefresh=1


##
## RabbitMQ Server
##

[rabbitmq-el8]
name=rabbitmq-el8
baseurl=https://yum2.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/el/8/$basearch
        https://yum1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/el/8/$basearch
        https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/rpm/el/8/$basearch
repo_gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
# Cloudsmith's repository key and RabbitMQ package signing key
gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-server.9F4587F226208342.key
       https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc
gpgcheck=1
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300
pkg_gpgcheck=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md

[rabbitmq-el8-noarch]
name=rabbitmq-el8-noarch
baseurl=https://yum2.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/el/8/noarch
        https://yum1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/el/8/noarch
        https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/rpm/el/8/noarch
repo_gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
# Cloudsmith's repository key and RabbitMQ package signing key
gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-server.9F4587F226208342.key
       https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc
gpgcheck=1
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300
pkg_gpgcheck=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md

[rabbitmq-el8-source]
name=rabbitmq-el8-source
baseurl=https://yum2.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/el/8/SRPMS
        https://yum1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/el/8/SRPMS
        https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/rpm/el/8/SRPMS
repo_gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-server.9F4587F226208342.key
gpgcheck=0
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300
pkg_gpgcheck=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md

③更新yum库

—nobest表示所需安装包即使不是最佳选择也接受

yum update -y --nobest

④正式安装Erlang

yum install -y erlang

3、安装RabbitMQ

# 导入GPG密钥
rpm --import 'https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc'
rpm --import 'https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-erlang.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.key'
rpm --import 'https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq-server.9F4587F226208342.key'

# 下载 RPM 包
wget https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/download/v3.13.0/rabbitmq-server-3.13.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm

# 安装
rpm -ivh rabbitmq-server-3.13.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm

4、RabbitMQ基础配置

# 启用管理界面插件
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

# 启动 RabbitMQ 服务：
systemctl start rabbitmq-server

# 将 RabbitMQ 服务设置为开机自动启动
systemctl enable rabbitmq-server

# 新增登录账号密码
rabbitmqctl add_user atguigu 123456

# 设置登录账号权限
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags atguigu administrator
rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / atguigu ".*" ".*" ".*"

# 配置所有稳定功能 flag 启用
rabbitmqctl enable_feature_flag all

# 重启RabbitMQ服务生效
systemctl restart rabbitmq-server

5、收尾工作

rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/rabbitmq.repo

二、克隆VMWare虚拟机

1、目标

通过克隆操作，一共准备三台VMWare虚拟机

集群节点名称	虚拟机 IP 地址
node01	192.168.200.100
node02	192.168.200.150
node03	192.168.200.200

2、克隆虚拟机

3、给新机设置 IP 地址

在CentOS 7中，可以使用nmcli命令行工具修改IP地址。以下是具体步骤：

查看网络连接信息：

nmcli con show

停止指定的网络连接（将<connection_name>替换为实际的网络连接名称）：

nmcli con down <connection_name>

修改IP地址（将<connection_name>替换为实际的网络连接名称，将<new_ip_address>替换为新的IP地址，将<subnet_mask>替换为子网掩码，将<gateway>替换为网关）：

# <new_ip_address>/<subnet_mask>这里是 CIDR 表示法
nmcli con mod <connection_name> ipv4.addresses <new_ip_address>/<subnet_mask>
nmcli con mod <connection_name> ipv4.gateway <gateway>
nmcli con mod <connection_name> ipv4.method manual

启动网络连接：

nmcli con up <connection_name>

验证新的IP地址是否生效：

ip addr show

4、修改主机名称

主机名称会被RabbitMQ作为集群中的节点名称，后面会用到，所以需要设置一下。

修改方式如下：

vim /etc/hostname

5、保险措施

为了在后续操作过程中，万一遇到操作失误，友情建议拍摄快照。

三、集群节点彼此发现

1、node01设置

①设置 IP 地址到主机名称的映射

修改文件/etc/hosts，追加如下内容：

192.168.200.100 node01
192.168.200.150 node02
192.168.200.200 node03

②查看当前RabbitMQ节点的Cookie值并记录

[root@node01 ~]# cat /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie
NOTUPTIZIJONXDWWQPOJ

③重置节点应用

rabbitmqctl stop_app
rabbitmqctl reset
rabbitmqctl start_app

2、node02设置

①设置 IP 地址到主机名称的映射

修改文件/etc/hosts，追加如下内容：

192.168.200.100 node01
192.168.200.150 node02
192.168.200.200 node03

②修改当前RabbitMQ节点的Cookie值

node02和node03都改成和node01一样：

vim /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie

③重置节点应用并加入集群

rabbitmqctl stop_app
rabbitmqctl reset
rabbitmqctl join_cluster rabbit@node01
rabbitmqctl start_app

3、node03设置

①设置 IP 地址到主机名称的映射

修改文件/etc/hosts，追加如下内容：

192.168.200.100 node01
192.168.200.150 node02
192.168.200.200 node03

②修改当前RabbitMQ节点的Cookie值

node02和node03都改成和node01一样：

vim /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie

③重置节点应用并加入集群

rabbitmqctl stop_app
rabbitmqctl reset
rabbitmqctl join_cluster rabbit@node01
rabbitmqctl start_app

④查看集群状态

rabbitmqctl cluster_status

4、附录

如有需要踢出某个节点，则按下面操作执行：

# 被踢出的节点：
rabbitmqctl stop_app
rabbitmqctl reset
rabbitmqctl start_app

# 节点1
rabbitmqctl forget_cluster_node rabbit@node02

四、负载均衡：Management UI

1、说明

其实访问任何一个RabbitMQ实例的管理界面都是对集群操作，所以配置负载均衡通过统一入口访问在我们学习期间就是锦上添花
先给管理界面做负载均衡，然后方便我们在管理界面上创建交换机、队列等操作

2、安装HAProxy

yum install -y haproxy
haproxy -v
systemctl start haproxy
systemctl enable haproxy

3、修改配置文件

配置文件位置：

/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

在配置文件末尾增加如下内容：

frontend rabbitmq_ui_frontend bind 192.168.200.100:22222 mode http default_backend rabbitmq_ui_backend

backend rabbitmq_ui_backend mode http balance roundrobin option httpchk GET / server rabbitmq_ui1 192.168.200.100:15672 check server rabbitmq_ui2 192.168.200.150:15672 check server rabbitmq_ui3 192.168.200.200:15672 check

设置SELinux策略，允许HAProxy拥有权限连接任意端口：

setsebool -P haproxy_connect_any=1

SELinux是Linux系统中的安全模块，它可以限制进程的权限以提高系统的安全性。在某些情况下，SELinux可能会阻止HAProxy绑定指定的端口，这就需要通过设置域（domain）的安全策略来解决此问题。

通过执行setsebool -P haproxy_connect_any=1命令，您已经为HAProxy设置了一个布尔值，允许HAProxy连接到任意端口。这样，HAProxy就可以成功绑定指定的socket，并正常工作。

重启HAProxy：

systemctl restart haproxy

4、测试效果

五、负载均衡：核心功能

1、增加配置

frontend rabbitmq_frontend bind 192.168.200.100:11111 mode tcp default_backend rabbitmq_backend

backend rabbitmq_backend mode tcp balance roundrobin server rabbitmq1 192.168.200.100:5672 check server rabbitmq2 192.168.200.150:5672 check server rabbitmq3 192.168.200.200:5672 check

重启HAProxy服务：

systemctl restart haproxy

3、测试

①创建组件

交换机：exchange.cluster.test
队列：queue.cluster.test
路由键：routing.key.cluster.test

②创建生产者端程序

[1]配置POM

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.5</version>
</parent>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

[2]主启动类

package com.atguigu.mq;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class RabbitMQProducerMainType {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RabbitMQProducerMainType.class, args);
    }

}

[3]配置YAML

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.200.100
    port: 11111
    username: atguigu
    password: 123456
    virtual-host: /
    publisher-confirm-type: CORRELATED # 交换机的确认
    publisher-returns: true # 队列的确认
logging:
  level:
    com.atguigu.mq.config.MQProducerAckConfig: info

[4]配置类

package com.atguigu.mq.config;

import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ReturnedMessage;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class MQProducerAckConfig implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback, RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback{

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
        rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
        if (ack) {
            log.info("消息发送到交换机成功！数据：" + correlationData);
        } else {
            log.info("消息发送到交换机失败！数据：" + correlationData + " 原因：" + cause);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returned) {
        log.info("消息主体: " + new String(returned.getMessage().getBody()));
        log.info("应答码: " + returned.getReplyCode());
        log.info("描述：" + returned.getReplyText());
        log.info("消息使用的交换器 exchange : " + returned.getExchange());
        log.info("消息使用的路由键 routing : " + returned.getRoutingKey());
    }
}

[5] Junit测试类

package com.atguigu.mq.test;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitMQTest {

    @Resource
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public static final String EXCHANGE_CLUSTER_TEST = "exchange.cluster.test";
    public static final String ROUTING_KEY_CLUSTER_TEST = "routing.key.cluster.test";

    @Test
    public void testSendMessage() {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(EXCHANGE_CLUSTER_TEST, ROUTING_KEY_CLUSTER_TEST, "message test cluster~~~");
    }

}

③创建消费端程序

[1]配置POM

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.5</version>
</parent>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

[2]主启动类

package com.atguigu.mq;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class RabbitMQProducerMainType {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RabbitMQProducerMainType.class, args);
    }

}

[3]配置YAML

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.200.100
    port: 11111
    username: atguigu
    password: 123456
    virtual-host: /
    listener:
      simple:
        acknowledge-mode: manual
logging:
  level:
    com.atguigu.mq.listener.MyProcessor: info

[4]监听器

package com.atguigu.mq.listener;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.IOException;

@Component
@Slf4j
public class MyProcessor {

    @RabbitListener(queues = {"queue.cluster.test"})
    public void processNormalQueueMessage(String data, Message message, Channel channel)
        throws IOException {

        log.info("消费端：" + data);

        channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
    }

}

[5]运行效果

六、镜像队列

1、提出问题

现在我们创建过的队列，它是属于节点1的：

现在我们停掉节点1的rabbit应用：

# 停止rabbit应用
rabbitmqctl stop_app

再次发送消息：

为了后续操作，再重新启动rabbit应用

rabbitmqctl start_app

2、创建策略使队列镜像化

3、创建新的队列

要求：队列名称必须符合策略中指定的正则表达式

绑定交换机：

4、测试

节点1关闭rabbit应用

然后就发现两个镜像队列自动分布到了节点2和节点3上：

调整Java代码中的组件名称：

public static final String EXCHANGE_CLUSTER_TEST = "exchange.cluster.test";
public static final String ROUTING_KEY_MIRROR_TEST = "routing.key.mirror.test";
public static final String QUEUE_MIRROR_TEST = "mirror.queue.test";